An Encounter with Prostitution Essay -- Prostitutes Prostitution Descr

An Encounter with Prostitution It was a supple Saturday afternoon at the Sea-tec Mall, many different mass walking in and out of the large department stores and inside the interior of the mall. However, the vast mass of people walking among the mall were groups of young teenage girls. The mall has bring forth the major hangout for teenagers, where both males and females roam to take themselves off to people of the opposite sex. I noticed two girls at the food court, where they were in line waiting to buy coffee from Starbucks. One of them, whom I shall claver Melissa, was approximately twenty years old. She was wearing a gabardine cotton fiber tank top and a pair of denim shorts. Her long, golden dark-brown hair was tied in a awry(p) ponytail that cascaded down the centre of her back. A pair of blue-framed sunglasses with highly reflective lenses rested delicately on the top of her head. Her blue eyes shined brightly as she looked well-nigh the mall, looking for anyone she might recognize. Her skin was soft and delicate, obviously pampered by lotions and cremes, some likely bought at Bed, Bath, and Beyond. Her feet were encased in socks and a pair of white sneakers, so clean they seemed new. This girl was extremely attractive, and her attire suggested she was ready to show her attractiveness to the teenage males also roaming the mall. The second female, whom I shall call Stephanie, was milled much more conservatively. Stephanie wore a pale-blue t-shirt and a pair of tight denim j...

St. Pauls Cathedral in London, England Essay -- Saint Paul Architectu

St. Pauls cathedral, in London, England, was designed by house decorator Sir Christopher wren. Approval of this most significant architectural project took six historical period just for the plan. Construction, which began in 1675, took thirty-five years until utmostly complete in 1710. It was built to re mystify a church that had been leveled by the Great conflagration of 1666. St. Pauls is the largest cathedral in England, and said to be Wrens masterpiece. He brought a lay out of new forms, and architectural combination into slope architecture. Masonry, brick, timber, and cut stone were apply to form the structure of the cathedral. St. Pauls cathedral has been one of the briny socially significant buildings in London. Cathedrals all around, have always vie a large role in the communities they serve. Their fundamental purpose is to playact people closer to God, further over the centuries they have served as a focal point for trade, as a stronghold and a place of safety in times of war, and as immense status figures. The functions, of a cathedral, take on an additional significance for St Pauls, because its known as the cathedral of the capital city and, of the nation. The present building is also the counterbalance cathedral to have been built since the creation of the Church of England in 1534, when devotion was brought under the direct control of the monarch. This quote from Simon Thurley, Chief Executive of English Heritage really shows the significance the Church has made in England. St Pauls Cathedral is the internationally recognized signature of London and the capitals most important historic and architectural focal point. Only St Pauls and the Palace of Westminster are protected by strategic views but the proposed tower disregards this legal protection and the significance of the Cathedral as the icon of London. The West Front, which faces the heart of the City of London, is an iconic character with great national significance. It is through the famous West Doors that so many another(prenominal) British monarchs and distinguished figures have entered the Cathedral. The nations best-loved church, St Pauls has hosted some of the most important commemorative events in British history. In recent years the memorial service for the victims of 9/11, the Queens Golden Jubilee and the Queen Mothers 100th birthday. Also, it was where the funeral services of Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, and Winston Churchi... ...rchitecture into the primaeval neo-classical/ baroque bearing. Wrens style was one of simple magnificence. His style was composed to a greater extent of in agreeable proportions rather than glorious decoration. Wren was believed to have tolerated design ideas for many buildings for which he did not do final designs. Wrens design concepts were carried into the early years of the eighteenth coke by fellow architects, Hawksmoor, and his partner Vanbrugh. However, Wrens relative simplicity, and his Protestant plainness in comparison with European Popish richness, was dominated in their designs by superimpose of rich applied decoration and a more complex and extravagant style. His greatest renown was for St. Pauls Cathedral, but his major public buildings, and the delicacy and variety displayed in the fifty-or-so parish churches, also contribute to his enduring influence in architecture down to the present day. Until the stretch of the modern skyscraper, St. Pauls dominated the London skyline as a symbol of the stability of the Church of England and English government and society. When Sir Christopher Wren died in 1723 he became the first person to be buried in St. Pauls Cathedral.

Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels Essay

Most manufacturers of w ares use merchandising intermediaries to sell their products to the consumers. The trade intermediaries make up a marketing channel (distribution channel or a mint channel). The marketing channel overcomes the time, place, and possession gaps that separate gods and operate from those who impoverishment or want them. A normal way of procedure for a company is to procure raw materials, use its expertise in creating the product and and then distribute to the customer. Companies have to convert this supply chain into a foster network as to develop and maintain partnership with diametric stakeholders. effect competency for a company lies in developing a product which satisfies a particular need of the market. A company if it decides to sell a product on its own than it is diverting from main line railway line resulting in operational difficulties. Marketing channel is ears and eyes of companies in the market. They stand companies with valuable informati on of customers, competitors and early(a) players in the market. Dells figurer exclusively uses direct marketing (the Internet and express mail service) in reaching customers are different of marketing channel depending upon the number intermediaries kindred retailer, wholesaler and distributor. Channels are also used by companies providing services for example, hospital and fire station have to strategically locate for mickle to reach without considerable efforts.In designing marketing channel companies crumble customer needs and preference for a given product. Further marketing channel should fall in line with general objectives of the company in cost and desired output level. Companies then need to explore discordant marketing channels like direct marketing, tele-marketing, direct mail, etc. to summon the right fit to reach the customer. Each channel short listed has to be evaluated on operational, cost effective and flexibility criteria. Once the channel is designed, comp anies face forward to selecting partners with characteristics, which have a positive impact for the product. Channel members need to get the right amount of training as to full represent their role with respect to customer and product. Companies need to develop a weapon as to monitor functioning of marketing channels on criteria found on total customer satisfaction. After reviewing marketing channel companies should exchange them to improve functioning and productivity.Companies are looking forward to innovating business functioning as to stand up to the competition and changing market scenario. This has seen build up different types of marketing channel. In a vertical marketing channel, the traditional producer-wholesaler-retailer becomes one functional unit. This can be achieved through franchise or single ownership. In horizontal marketing channel two or more un-related agencies combine to exploit the market opportunities, for example, banks in super markets. In multi-chann el marketing systems, companies use different marketing channels to reach different customer base or segment.In vertical channel deviations are amidst members of same channel. In horizontal channel conflicts are between similar service providers in a different channel. In multi-channel conflict arise when a different channel serves the same market. The first pervert in conflict resolution is to identify the cause for the conflict. Next clapperclaw is to manage the conflict. This can be done by setting up clear mandate for each member and their role in the overall objective of the company. Further, joint membership, diplomacy and exchange of team members are other ways in resolving conflicts.Companies need to design and manage marketing channels in such a way that they are endlessly able to deliver value to customer.

How Does Harper Lee Portray Atticus Finch as a Good Parent?

Mufasa, the make of Simba, from Disneys The Lion King is a perfective example of many desirable qualities. When invariably Simba needs some one to comfort him, Mufasa knows what to do to make Simba feel better. Likewise, when Simba acts surface of hand, Mufasa knows when he should reprimand Simba and when Simba is just be a goofy cub. Mufasa comes off as strong, stout, wise, patient and, most importantly, a model of a respectable parent. Just like Mufasa, genus genus Atticus Finch in any case possesses many desirable qualities such as patience, understanding, and bravery.In TKaM, Harper lee side uses the constituent of Atticus Finch to illustrate the qualities of salutary parenting. Atticus realizes that losing his temper with Jem and discoverer everyplace small ensuants is non part of the qualities of good parenting because, throughout TKaM, he does non lose his patience with his children. While on the other(a)(a) hand, there is intuition that Bob Ewell does the opp osite by beating Mayella Ewell, his daughter. From the beginning itself, Harper lee side makes it clear, through a conversation between Miss Maudie Atkinson and lookout, that Atticus does non treat his children like Bob Ewell does.Miss Maudie explains to Scout that most people run through split personalities one for at home and one for in public. Scout cuts her off by saying, Atticus wear upont ever do anything to Jem and me in the house that he dont do in the yard (46). Scout defends Atticus because she gets into trouble quite a lot, but, scour then, Atticus would never lift a finger against her or Jem. not only does Atticus rarely ever perk up a tot up over Jem and Scout, but he also can maintain his apathy and patience with them. Scout, like most young children, al focuss wants her opinions heard until she all receives an explanation or has her mood.An example of this would be Scouts archetypical day of school where she finds herself frustrated from her teacher const antly reprimanding her. When she gets home, Scout recaps the day for Atticus and tells him that her teacher does not want Atticus to read with her at home. She channels her anger by complaining about her distaste for school while Atticus patiently hears her out and replies by calmly saying, If youll bear the necessity of going to school, well go on reading every nighttime just as we always have. Is it a bargain? (31) Atticus could have easily lost his temper with Scout, but, instead, he appealed to her interests. This faces that Atticus likes to make his children gifted and that, as a parent, he knows when he must be angry, and when he must show compassion. Showing Atticus as a father who does not lose his patience with his children over silly things is just one of the many ways that Lee portrays Atticus as a good parent. Atticus wants Jem and Scout to grow up with good morals, and one way he does this is by exposing them to an important quality, bravery.An example of this is wh en Atticus goes against the townspeoples beliefs by accepting the case of Tom Robinson. This results in negative comments towards Atticus family, and his children have to put up with it. One insult from Mrs. Dubose makes Jem so sensitive that he destroys her Camilla bushes, and his punishment is to read to her for a month. Old and addicted to morphine, Mrs. Dubose wants to exertion to overcome her addiction before she dies. Sadly, Mrs. Dubose passes away shortly after Jems punishment ends and, in an attempt to explain why he do Jem read to Mrs.Dubose, Atticus says, I wanted you to see what real resolution is, instead of getting the idea the courage is a man with a gun in his handMrs. Dubose won She was the bravest person I ever knew (112). Atticus, as a respectable parent, wants Jem to see that true bravery is cladding up to lifes problems and fixing them in the best way possible. In the same way, Atticus shows his children the meaning of bravery when he turns the other cheek t o Bob Ewell. Even though Bob Ewell has won the case, he wants to make his distaste for Atticus clear.So Bob Ewell spits in Atticus view and says that he will get him, even if it takes him the rest of his life. The children hear of this incident through Miss Stephanie and are concerned about Atticus safety. When they hesitancy Atticus about it, Atticus does his best to comfort them by saying, We dont have anything to fear from Bob Ewell, he got it all out of his system that morning (218). Knowing that Atticus, their parent and example, can be brave at a time like this gives Scout and Jem the encouragement to allow go of their worries and not let the tension in town move them.Lee has Atticus expose his children to true bravery through Mrs. Dubose and Bob Ewell to show that Atticus does have good parenting qualities. Through Atticus Finch, Harper Lee illustrates the qualities of good parenting in TKaM. Such as when Scout explains to Miss Maudie that Atticus would never raise a fing er against either her or Jem because he does not act differently in public than at home. Also, when Scout whines, Atticus does his best to please her because he understands that losing his temper will not help the problem.In addition to that, Atticus exposes his children to true bravery through Mrs. Dubose by showing them to face up to their problems. In the same way, when Atticus turns the other cheek to Bob Ewell, he teaches his children to be brave and not let anything negative affect their lives. Atticus Finch, just like Mufasa from The Lion King, is a patient, wise, and brave father, and he definitely does portray the qualities of admirable parenting.

A Critical Response Essay on Walt Whitman’s A Noiseless Patient Spider

Walt Whitmans poem is obviously comparing the web spun by the spider and the intelligence of whizs self. The use of words pertaining to put is in copiousness in the whole poem and this is both the case when the persona was describing the noiseless and patient spider (explore the vacant, vast surrounding, line 3) and when describing his confess sense (Surrounded, surrounded, in measureless oceans of space, line 7).The most riveting aspect of the poem is that Whitman uses a free-verse style and yet a round of golf is formed with the tempo and a beat of how a spider would run through been doing and feeling while spinning the silver web and trying to door latch it to open spaces around it or how the soul of the persona itself is trying to judge spheres and to connect them (line 8) to the open space present around the soul.When a commentator imagines the imagery presented in the poem, it is not the spider or the soul which is visualized. Instead, the reviewer sees the imagery of a spider being noiseless and patient with spaces around it and the soul being noiseless and patient as well. Thus, the spider and the soul are both the same with their need to cling to something outside the space and to venture forth outside that space.Moreover, there is a sense of subprogram and existence of both the soul and the spider since they both have to latch on to something. The spider has to in fact, launch filament, filament, filament, out of itself (line 4) and the soul has to spree its gossamer thread (line 10) until it catch somewhere (line 10).Therefore, the spider and the soul is one and the same. The link or the parallelism of both the spider and the soul is their seat in space. Other than that, the spider and the soul would be enormously variant from each other. 

Like Water For Chocolate by Laura Esquivel Essay

Recipes in Like water system For java by Laura EsquivelThe kitchen has long been associated with the mandatory or compulsory servitude of wowork force. Barefoot and gravid in the kitchen remains the most limiting of the stereotypic bothy masculine preferred roles for women. Cecilia outlaw(a) contends that culinary endeavors, like provision and creating or stick withing recipes is custom entirelyy considered a gendered discourse the womans eye socket, hence marginalized and therefore non a discourse of empowerment (Lawless 262).However, women writers near the bollock are finding thoroughgoing(a) power in the domestic domain of the kitchen by creating a unfeignedly fair(prenominal) discourse rep permite with recipes, homework, and therapeutic female-to-female communication. Janice Jaffe claims that in particular, a list of Hispanic Ameri female genitals and Latina women writers seem to be reclaiming the kitchen (Jaffe 218).Jaffes statement, validated by a 1984 conferenc e dedicated to the writings of Latin Ameri eject and Latina women empower The Frying Pan by the Handle, supports the proclamation of the importance of the kitchen for all women writers. She goes on to describe the naming of The Kitchen Table Press in 1981, an U.S.-based organization for women of color. She explains that the hollo was chosen because the kitchen is the c bow of the home, the rest home where women in particular work and leave with for each unmatched other (219). The commonality among the above-menti unityd works of women writers around the globe is that they are reclaiming the kitchen as a quadrangle of creative power quite an than confinement (219).The remarkable prominence of female generatorship in culinary narratives can be attri howevered in part to the acknowledgement of a tradition recipe fiction provides a direction by which women writers can buckle under homage to what they arrive at received from their fore induces. That lineage becomes curiously important for at presents society that has allowed for the mass exodus of women from the kitchen. nowadayss miserliness demands that to strike and maintain a comfor fudge standard of living, women essential enter the workforce, alongside their mates. This migration in the end leaves little cartridge h senior for the culinary arts, as the hold of aliment is largely reduced to the acquiring of basic sustenance.As a result, for many people, food has lost its pleasure and intimacy, transposed as it is to fast-food restaurants and microwave oven miracles. Once convenience foods had become the night club of the day, however, culinary romances could function in a contrary action as a means of preserving the lush arts and affirming a matriarchal realm. For both writers and endorsers, then, these narratives develop a means of both remembering and honoring the lives of our fore nonpluss as most of us advance about from ace meeting to the next, a Big Mac on a food tray, in our ca rs. (Lawless)In Like Water for Chocolate, Laura Esquivel begins each chapter with a list of ingredients for one particular recipe. She, however, does not index them, or any of the other recipes that she includes, and thus ensures that her book more closely resembles a true cookbook journal than do those create verbally by culinary writers. As the kitchen has traditionally been of little concern to men, very some of them bedevil create verbally or participated in the creation of receipt collections and subsequently in culinary narratives.Their domain was, and largely still is, that of labour,6 though noticeable exceptions to this avoidance are the many world-class chefs who are male. Typically, finishedout patriarchal history, men would go to work, while women would stay at home and pull in the food. Until recently, this radiation diagram has been fairly constant, men aim functioned outside the home, and women have tended to function wrong it. It is my opinion, then, as a co nsequence, when men wrote, they wrote about things they knew about or sought later onoften as not, those things outside the kitchen.This paper discusses such an example of the psychological of culinary empowerment and creative reclamation in Laura Esquivels sorcerous realist original, Like Water for Chocolate. In this text editionual matter, Esquivel composes a character that has the ability to hold horny and physical reactions with the food she prepares. By means of mystical subconscious desires and commands. Esquivels protagonist bear ons the brainiacs, police wagon and bodies of those around her, and she as well as elicits physical responses from her hold frame. Denied the possibility of emotional warmth and physical, inner construes due to family tradition, Tita struggles to repress the desires of her corpse and heart by means of mental fortitude.By pitting her mind against her organic structure, Tita suffers internal chaos and turmoil, but her subconscious and her embody doesnt let her submit or surrender. Only by freeing herself from familial restrictions that forced her to negate her physicality can Tita begin to develop to a sense individual agency and self. By good luck out of her cultural moderate, she creates a new site of power for herself, one that lead in agetidetually yoke her body, heart and mind into one complete and whole world, exercising agree bid of her spiritedness, her bonk and her destiny.Laura Esquivels novel of recipes and romance, a parody of the mid-nineteenth degree centigrade womens magazines that included recipes, home remedies, and. often, sen clock cartridge holderntal novels in monthly installments (Ibsen 137), chronicles the birth, vivification and remnant of Josefita Tita de la Garza. Like Water for Chocolate begins with the story of how Tita precipitated her protest birth, a noticeable indication of her power as an individual.Tita was so light-sensitive to onions, any time they we re being chopped, they say she would just call option and cry when she was still in my spacious-grand buzz offs belly her sobs were so loud that even so Nacha, the cook, who was half-deaf, could hear them easily. Once her wailing got so violent that it brought on an betimes labor. And in front my great-grand grow could let out a word or even a whimper, Tita make her entrance into this world, prematurely, right there on the kitchen table amidst the smells of simmering noodle soup, thyme, bay leaves, and cilantro, steamed take out, garlic, and of course, onion. (Esquivel 5-6)However, shortly after her birth, the reader learns of Titas utter lack of power to direct her destiny. The book postulates that the movement Tita was already crying as she emerged, results from the fact that maybeshe knew then that it would be her lot in life to be denied marriage (6). Her fetch positive that as the teenagedest daughter, Tita was destined to remain unmarried and care for her get, mom Elena, until her death. regrettably for Tita this meant that she must(prenominal) resist her body and hearts desire to experience love (12).The novel, most frequently categorized as a parody, can in any case be classified as both postmodernist and Post-Revolutionary. It is postmodern in its attempt to subvert and undermine the epigraph addressed to Latina women To the table or to recognize You must come when you are bid (Esquivel). Maria Elena de Valdes elaborates on the statement in this wayA verbal image emerges of the representative Mexican rural middle class woman. She must be strong and far more clever than the men who purportedly protect her. She must be pious, observing all the religious requirements of a virtuous daughter, wife, and become. She must exercise great care to conserve her sentimental relations as private as mathematical and. most important of all, she must be in control of life in her house, which means essentially kitchen and bedroom, or food and char ge up. (de Valdes 86)In a similar vein. Joanne Saltz describes the historical context of the Post-Revolutionary novel by claiming that, the text is one in which the Mexican Revolution reverberates, overturning literary and friendly conventions of con a hop, the position of women in society, their well-disposed conduct and the regulation of their bodies, and at the same time debunking the feminist myth of the superwoman. (Saltz 30-1)In this ambiance of change for Latina women in Mexican history, one must align oneself with both the traditional view of women and their place in society described by de Valdes, or the more modern position toward women as depicted by Saltz. The opening pages of Like Water for Chocolate follow a Postmodern/Post-Revolutionary. Mexican literary tendency to ascribe the fundamental aspects of the liberal genius/heroine as living a life of sacrifice, abnegation (denial of ones desires), martyrdom in the hope of vindication at some time in the future (Sch aefer 83).That sacrifice and abnegation will be always present in Titas life is evident by mom Elenas decree, but Esquivel cues her reader that the character of Tita will also achieve martyrdom and vindication with her statement that. Tita did not submit (Esquivel 11). Her subtle nothingness that Tita would not quietly agree with her mothers family tradition (11). promises to create underlying tension and open conflagration surrounded by the deuce as Tita attempts to redefine the stifling traditional roles for women which ma Elena so closely follows.In addition to the enforced celibate destiny (Lawless 262) of Tita, milliampere Elena dominates and dictates almost all aspect of her pip-squeakrens lives, as well as the management of the scatter house.  Several examples of the matriarchs total domination and unquestionable say-so appear throughout the novel. Tita re mark that, in the De la Garza family, one obeyed -immediately (Esquivel 12). When met with any design of disobedience. ma Elena is quick to correct the offender, who is usually Tita.When presents with a suspiciously uncorrectable appearance on her daughters face, ma Elena read the look on her face and flew into a rage, giving Tita a tremendous savour that let her rolling in the dirt (27). Instances of her physical and mental vilification consistently permeate the entire work, and the character of mama Elena is portrayed as efficiently violent and destructive. Tita relates that, unquestionably, when it came to dividing, dismantling, dismembering, desolating, detaching, dispossessing, destroying, or dominating. Mama Elena was a pro (97). Tita reveals the feelings of defeat and domination she experiences at the hands of her mother in the following passage.Mama Elena was merciless, killing with a single blow. But then again not always. For Tita she had made an exception she had been killing her a little at a time since she was a small fry, and she still hadnt quite finished her of f. (49)Tita despondencyingly attempts to please her mother to no avail no matter how disenfranchised Tita tried she always got an infinite number of things wrong (94). Mama Elenas strict adherence to cultural, traditional and familial mores, like those taught to all young Mexican girls from Carrenos manual of etiquette (39), serves as the primary source of Titas servile confinement in the ranch house. Her mother is linked with the traditional. Europeanized pas seul of middle class women in Mexico, a model that Tita cannot follow. In Mama Elenas defense, the reader later learns of the possible source of her tyrannical persist in the household. After her death, Tita discovers some old love letters, while sledding through her mothers possessions.Apparently, the true love of Mama Elenas life was not her husband. Mama Elena had loved a black man, but propriety forbid their relationship. Upon learning the real reason for her mothers perpetual anger, Tita begins to understand what a w retched existence her mother led. Esquivel describes Titas new put together sympathy for her mother During the funeral Tita really wept for her mother.Not for the castrating mother who had repressed Tita her entire life, but for the person who had lived a frustrated love (138). Enforcing her will upon her daughters is Mama Elenas attempt to compensate for her declare lack of sexual agency. When Tita learns of the source for her mothers anger and frustration, she sympathizes with her mothers plight. Unfortunately, this find comes only after Mama Elenas death. During her lifetime, Titas relationship with her mother is less like mother/daughter and more like sweep over/servant.Faced with this unsatisfactory relationship with her mother, Tita turns to the indigenous Indian cook. Nacha, as a substitute mother, a natural turn of events given that Nachas domain was the kitchen where Tita was born(p) and cared for as an infant. Esquivel writes that, thanks to her unusual birth, Tita fe lt a profoundly love for the kitchen, where she spent most of her life from the day she was born (6).When Mama Elenas milk dries up, it is Nacha who takes over the feeding of the bobble girl who grew mo traveling bagly and healthy on a diet of teas and thin corn gruels (7). The teller maintains that this explains the sixth sense Tita developed about boththing concerning food. and that the kitchen was Titas realm (7). When she is no longer allowed to play in the kitchen with her childs, Nacha became her only friend and playmate. by dint of her time in the kitchen with Nacha, Tita receives the unconditional love that should have been provided by her mother. Indeed, Titas fondest memories of her time spent with Nacha include such maternal activities as the way she lace her hair and tucked Tita in at night, took care of her when she was dismal, and cooked what she craved (168). Nacha also serves as an invaluable teacher to Tita, who benefits from her culinary expertise, prowess with herbal remedies, and smartness with household tips. Within the narrative of the novel Nacha serves as the good mother substitute in contrast to the bad biological mother (Lawless 264).This binary program serves to support Kristine Ibsens claim that the narration privilege the ancient verbal tradition of female knowledge bequeathed to Tita by Nacha over the hokey rules of conduct, upheld by Mama Elena and reproduced by Rosaura (Ibsen 140). This oppositional relationship between the female knowledge of Nacha and Tita and artificial rules of conduct followed by Mama Elena and Rosaura produces numerous conflicts and volatile situations throughout the narrative, inauguration with Rosauras wedlock in Februarys installment.From her wizard(prenominal) realist birth issue in Januarys installment of the novel, Tita subconscious powers increase in intensity level during the February chapter. In this chapter the reader first learns of Titas ability to influence the minds and bodie s of others subconsciously through the food she prepares.Tita helps Nacha with the cooking, and obligingly assists with the preparation of the wedding feast for her older sister, Rosaura. Forbidden by Mama Elena to wed his true love (Tita), Pedro agrees to marry her older sister just to be near Tita. In despair and suffering from a broken heart, Tita weeps into the cake batter and later into the gyre of icing. Nacha tastes the icing to ensure that Titas salty tears have not affected the flavor. The flavor was unaffected, but surprisingly, Nacha was overcome with an trigger-happy longing (Esquivel 34). She went to bed crying and was unable to get out of bed the next morning. subsequent that day, after eating the wedding cake, everyone at the reception was flooded with a great wave of longing (39), then they began weeping. Inexplicably, under some sift of strange intoxication all of the guests began collective vomiting (39). Rosaura accuses Tita of ruining her wedding day by poiso ning her cake, but only Tita knows that she had added only one extra ingredient to the cake, the tears she had shed while preparing it (41).There was no corroboration for her story because Nacha dies overnight from remembered sorrow her heart broken geezerhood before when Mama Elena refused to allow her to marry her own true love. The emotional state of Tita, made corporeal by her tears, transferred itself through the cake and into the hearts and bodies of those who ate it. As Lawless describes it, Tita herself has become incarnate in the food (Lawless 265). Titas ability to cause emotional and sexual longing in others subversively serves as a reminder of the bodily urges and corporeality that have been denied Tita.Yet, this explorative experience of affecting other peoples emotions and bodies through her cooking appears to go unrecognized by Tita, who continues to prepare the familys repasts. When her body is tan with unrequited love and starve for Pedro, she prepares quail in rose petal sauce using the roses that Pedro had given her as a gift. While discussion the roses, Tita pricks herself on a thorn and her blood mixes with the sauce. As the family chow the dish that evening, Titas sister Gertrudis is sent into a state of overwhelming lust akin to spontaneous combustion. What follows equates to a mental sexual experience between Tita and Pedro.On her the food seemed to act as an aphrodisiac she began to feel an intense heat pulsing through her limbs. An itch in the center of her body kept her from sitting properly in her chair. She began to sweat, imagining herself on horseback with her accouterments clasped around one of Pancho Villas men. She got her handkerchief and tried to wipe these felonious thoughts from her mind as she wiped remote the sweat.But it was no use, something strange had happened to her. She glowering to Tita for help, but Tita wasnt there, even though her body was sitting up quite properly in her chair there wasnt the slight est bless of life in her eyeball. It was as if a strange alchemical unconscious process had dissolved her entire being in the rose petal sauce, in the tender flesh of the quails, in the wine, in every one of the repasts aromas. That was the way she entered Pedros body, hot, voluptuous, perfumed, totally sensuous.With that meal it seemed they had discovered a new system of communication, in which Tita was the transmitter. Pedro the receiver, and poor Gertrudis the medium, the conducting body through which the leftover sexual message was passed. Pedro didnt offer any resistance. He let Tita penetrate him to the farthest corners of his being, and all the while they couldnt take their eyes off each other. He said, Thank you. I have never had anything so exquisite. (Esquivel 51)In this rose petal episode, Titas powers to invade and affect the bodies of others bears a striking resemblance to the Catholic tradition of communion, de Valdes notes the significance of the occur in this wa y This is clearly much more than communication through food or a mere aphrodisiac this is a line of transubstantiation whereby the rose petal sauce and quail have been dour into the body of Tita (de Valdes 87).When the body of Tita enters Pedro and Gertrudis, they are powerless to stop its effects on their own bodies. Gertrudis continues to suffer an internal burning heat, and she exudes the heavy, heady scent of roses. When she attempts to take a squander stall in order to quell her burning desires, she sets the shower stall on fire. By coincidence, as she runs naked from the flaming shower stall, a rebel soldier in a nearby metropolis following an irresistible scent of roses, rides in on horseback and sweeps her away with him.Gertrudis and Juan irritationately and skillfully make love on galloping horseback, en playacting what Tita and Pedro could only dream of doing together. Held to strict cultural and familial standards that neither could breach, the ii lovers continue to cut back their physical attraction for each other. The rose petal episode marks the escalation of Titas mystical subconscious ability to transfer her emotions into the food she prepares, which produces psychological and physical reactions in the bodies of the people who consume her culinary products.The episode also serves as a subversive parody of Catholic discourse, which is historically associated with the gradable dualism of mind and body, devaluing carnal appetites. Esquivel sooner both acknowledges the authenticity of the female sex drive in women, who according to tradition, are asexual, and highlights the social conventions that punish women for acting on that drive (Saltz 35).In Aprils installment, Tita subconsciously influences her bodys generative processes when she miraculously produces breast milk for Pedro and Rosauras baby. Tita actually birthed Roberto as she was the only one present at the birth of her nephew (Esquivel 71), and she instantly go in love with th e barbarian. Esquivel writes that, the babys cries filled all the set down space in Titas heart. She realized that she was feeling a new love for life, for this child, for Pedro, even for the sister she had despised so long (73).Rosaura falls very ill from the childbirth and cannot nurse Roberto. Unfortunately, the wet nurse they found for the child is killed after one months time. The baby urgently needs milk, and although she knew it was completely dry (76), Tita offers her sisters child her supposedly empty breast. Incredibly, the child sucks happily at Titas milk-giving breast, notwithstanding Titas incapacity to understand or believe what was happening. After all, it wasnt possible for an unmarried woman to have milk (76), but mysteriously, it was possible for Tita.In another subversive stab at Catholicism, Esquivel depicts the virgin Tita as the virgin mother Mary, able to produce a child and breast milk for that child without ever having known a man. Tita subconsciously w ishes to be the childs mother so badly that her body responds rather fitly by magically providing her with breast milk for the baby. In the same elbow room in which Nacha had taken over the maternal duties of Tita, so Tita acts as a substitute mother to Rosauras child it was as if the childs mother was Tita, not Rosaura.Thats how she felt and acted (78). Tita cares for Roberto as if he were her own child, hers and Pedros. After all, without her mothers interference, she would be the wife of Pedro and the mother of Roberto. Having Roberto in her life made her subservient confinement to her mother bearable. She thinks to herself, What did her fate matter, when she had this child near her, this child who was as much hers and anybodys? Really, she did a mothers work without the official title, Pedro and Roberto were hers and that was all she needed (79).However, due to her mothers control, Tita fails to empower herself through her substitute motherhood. Mama Elena suspects that Pedro a nd Tita secretly have an indecent relationship, and she sends Pedro, Rosaura and Roberto away from the ranch. Without Titas breast milk, the child dies, and Tita is overcome with grief. She has suckled and mothered the child, but then she loses him completely.Interestingly, Tita equates the loss of the child with the destruction of the only place she feels an element of control the kitchen. When she learns of Robertos death, she felt the household crashing down around her head and hears the sound of all the dishes breaking into a thousand pieces (99). When Mama Elena scolds Tita for having a reaction to the news and commands, First work, then do as you please, except crying, do you hear? (99). Tita brazenly confronts her mother for the first time in her life.Tita felt violent agitation take possession of her being still fingering the sausage, she calmly met her mothers gaze and then, instead of obeying her order, she started to tear apart all the sausages she could reach, screamin g wildly.Heres what I do with your orders Im sick of them Im sick of obeying you (99)Suffering greatly from grief and depression and a broken olfactory organ at the angry hands of Mama Elena, Tita crawls up into the dovecote and has a breakdown. The entire June installment describes her time of healing with the help of Dr. crapper Brown. Tita refuses to verbalize for six months, and when questioned by the doctor as to why she wouldnt let the cat out of the bag to him, Tita uses a piece of phosphorus to write the wrangle, Because I dont want to (118).The narrator applauds Titas initial reasons at selfhood when she informs the reader that, With these words Tita had taken her first step toward freedom (118). Only by breaking the stifling rules of conduct and doing what she wants to do instead of what she should do, will Tita develop a sense of self and control over her life. John proves to be of invaluable assistance to Tita during her period of convalescence in his home. His sain tly patience with her. conjugate with the comforting presence of his grandmothers ghost, a Kikipu Indian, help Tita chance a sense of stability, inner strength, and an eagerness to live outside the confines of her mothers convent-like ranch house.Her first step toward freedom, away from her mother and toward selfhood, appears to be short-lived when Tita, who has recently agreed to marry John, leaves the safety and tribute of his home and returns to the ranch to care for her ailing mother.Mama Elena is so embittered by what she considers to be Titas blatant disobedience and dishonor to the family that every pungency of food prepared by Tita leaves an unbearably bitter taste in her mouth. To counteract the supposed poisoning of her food, Mama Elena drinks large quantities of ipecac syrup every day, which soon brings about her death. Knowing the misery of her mothers life of unrequited love and unfulfilled corporeal desires. Tita swore in front of Mama Elenas tomb that come what ma y, she would never renounce love (138).  little did she know that Tita would soon test her own proclamation. Mama Elenas death brings Pedro and Rosaura, who is pregnant with her second child, back to the ranch.  Tita, engaged to John, still madly loves Pedro, who confesses his love for her. Pedro rationalizes with Tita that now that Mama Elena was dead, they could have a relationship. Tita and Pedro do consummate their love, despite Pedros marriage to Titas sister and despite Titas amour to John Brown. Soon after their first lovemaking encounter in the bathing room of Mama Elena, Tita begins to suspect that she is pregnant.At this point in the novel, Tita again exercises incredible subconscious influence and control over her body when she causes her body to spontaneously abort the lovechild. Corresponding to the condition of her pregnancy, the ghost of Mama Elena appears to berate Tita and her behavior. Mama Elenas ghost curses Tita, her behavior and the unborn child she ca rriesWhat you have done has no name You have forgotten all morality, respect, and good behavior. You are worthless, a good-for-nothing who doesnt respect even yourself. You have blackened the name of my entire family, from my ancestors down to this cursed baby you carry in your belly (173)Titas problems are only intensify when she tells Pedro of her pregnancy, who is thrilled to learn that he and Tita would soon have a child together. He proposes that they run away together, but Tita cannot bring herself to hurt her sister and niece by abandoning them that way. She also felt perpetual fear that any s some awful punishment was going to descend on her from the great beyond, courtesy of Mama Elena (198).Indeed, the spirit of Mama Elena again descends on Tita to scoff her situation and remind her of her indecency and unthinking immorality. When Tita confronts the ghost of her mother, she finally rids herself of her mothers presence and her antiquated traditional ideals of propriety by verbalize the ghost that she hates her. As soon as Tita frees herself from the confining restrictions of her mothers domination, she experiences a spontaneous and sudden miscarriage/menstruation.As the ghost watery away, a sense of relief grew inside(a) Titas body. The inflammation in her belly and the pain in her breasts began to subside. The muscles at the center of her body relaxed, loosing a violent menstrual flow.The discharge, so many days late, relieved all her pains. She gave a deep peaceful sigh. She wasnt pregnant. (200)The act empowers her in two ways. First, by eradicating the remnants of her mothers dominion over her. Tita has simultaneously provided herself with a temporary reprieve from the impending disastrous effects that her pregnancy would have had on the rest of her family. Secondly. Tita rejects the biological maternity of Mama Elena, in impression aborting herself from her dead mothers womb. Her psyche directed her corporeal reproductive functions by elimi nating the problems associated with her pregnancy.  Without this impediment, Tita and Pedro continue their relationship, under an agreement made with her sister to keep their relationship hidden from Esperanza, the second child of Pedro and Rosaura, and the rest of the community.Their love familiarity lasts for many years, and culminates on the wedding day of Esperanza and Alex, the son of Dr. Brown. As usual, Tita prepares the meal for the feast, and labors terrifically to make chiles in walnut sauce. After many secret and secretive years, Tita and Pedro have finally fulfilled their portion of the terms of fragility now that Mama Elena and Rosaura were dead, and Esperanza would be leaving the family home.Upon her departure, Tita and Pedro would be free to love each other openly. This thought plays upon Titas mind as she prepares the chiles, and after eating them, the guests at the reception become incredibly amorous toward their partners. Tita and Pedro especially felt this condition. They knew that for the first time in their lives they could make love freely (242).Entering the dark room, which has been prepared for the lovers by the caring ghost of Nacha, the two are overcome with passion. For Tita, their lovemaking brings her to the brink of the brilliant tunnel that John had warned her about. During her stay with Dr. Brown.Tita learns of his grandmothers possibility concerning the spark of life in each of us in which she said that, each of us is born with a box of matches inside us but we cant strike them all by ourselves we need oxygen and a taper to help. In this case, the oxygen, for example, would come from the breath of the person you love the candle could be any kind of food, music, caress, word, or sound that engenders the explosion that lights one of the matches. (115)This theory comes with a strong caution from Dr. Brown in which he warns against fervor all the matches at once because they would produce a splendor so dazzlingand then a b rilliant tunnel would appear before our eyes, revealing the path we forgot the moment we were born, and summoning us to regain the portend origin we had lost (117). If an individual were to light all the matches, see the tunnel, and follow its path, the body would die. Because she wanted to explore these emotions many more times, Tita checked her passion (243). Unfortunately, the lovemaking so consumes and enthralls Pedro that he died at the moment of ecstasy (244). stubborn not to be left alone, Tita decides to join him.She remembers the lesson taught to her by John and exercises mental control to bring about the desired physical condition death. She eats candles and envisions the times she and Pedro spent together, their first kiss, the first caress, the first time they made love (245). Engaging in this suicidal mental masturbation, she reignites the flame inside of herself achieving an amorous climax (245), and joins Pedro who stands waiting for her in a tunnel of light. have intercourse triumphs in death because, Never again would they be apart (245). expert as she induced her own birth, Tita instigates her own death, exercising total control over her body, her love and her destiny. She unites the emotional, mental and physical factors of her being in order to achieve a self-determined level of happiness in her life. The struggle for Titas has been arduous and exacting to the point of her death, but she acknowledges that fulfilling ones desires was an effort worth taking.Life had taught her that it was not easy there are few prepared to fulfill their desires whatever the cost, and the right to determine the course of ones own life would take more effort than she had imagined. That strife she had to fight alone, and it weighed on her. (168)In this statement, Esquivel echoes the historical Post-Revolutionary realization of many Latina women writers that social change so often requires individual sacrifice (Schaefer xiv). The realization followed social disillusionment with Utopian promises for healing both physical and psychological wounds (xiii). Through her powerful and empowered presence in the kitchen, Tita creates a lasting narrative, which becomes a sort of recipe, a how-to book on surviving a mothers tyranny, or finding love in the midst of familial and social struggle, or returning to the paradiscal home (Lawless 263).Once denied the body and its pleasures, Tita ultimately owns and controls her body and its functions, refusing to quietly submit to cultural constructs and restraints. Through the use of magical realisms blurred boundaries, Esquivel creates for Tita a new terrainnot a room of ones own, not a merely ordinary or private self, or a domestic realm it is a space in the imagination which allows for the inside, the outside, and the liminal elements of in between (268-9).For Tita, it is a space that allows her to be a whole, unified, balanced woman. In this way, Tita creates a new self, one comprised of equilateral elements of mind, heart and body, which contribute to a condition of self-satisfaction as a being of both corporeal and psychological desires. However, the fact that her self-creation can only be found in death negatively impacts the suggested accessibility of personal freedoms for women.Is it only in death that women can be unfeignedly free of cultural and familial restrictions and demands? Some would agree, but others envision alternatives. Ibsen claims that by proclaiming women as a source of energy in their own right, the despotic of the dominant order are undermined and an alternate order is posited (Ibsen 143). In Laura Esquivels Like Water for Chocolate, the dominant order of the hierarchy of mind versus body is displaced, and replaced with a balanced, fulfilled, and whole woman who refuses to submit passively to rules that dont apply to her.By including recipes within texts such as Like Water for Chocolate, authors invite the reader to become a part of a narrow down com munity. By sharing her secrets with the audience, the author establishes a level of communication and reliance that rises above mere reader response, permitting the reader potentially to take what the author has written and prepare the very meal described in the text s/he has just read. In this recipe sharing, audience exponentiation can move to a whole new level.If the reader were to prepare one of the prescribed dishes and to enjoy the food, one could argue that she would perhaps give notice the book more because its sensory pleasure would then have transcended the limitations of the written text and moved onto the palate and provoked further association. Conversely, should the reader be disappointed with the meal, it is also possible that the readers enjoyment of the text could be significantly diminished. Thus in allowing the text to become inter-active, the author redefines the boundaries between text and reader.As the majority of culinary narratives are written by women and are by and large for women, a distinctive feminine voice emerges from these texts, allowing for the creation of a female literary vehicle. This vehicle provides a means to tell the female experience and combined with its inclusion of recipes and cooking instructions, is gradually becoming a popular and innovative new form of writing.ReferencesEsquivel, Laura. (1992). Like Water for Chocolate. A Novel in Monthly Installments, with Recipes, Romances, and fireside Remedies. Trans. Carol Christensen and Thomas Christensen. New York Doubleday.Ibsen, Kristine. (1995). On Recipes, Reading, and Revolution Postboom Parody in Como agua toad para chocolate. Hispanic Review 63.2 133-46.Jaffe, Janice. (1993). Hispanic American Women authors Novel Recipes and Laura Esquivels Como agua para chocolate Womens Studies 22.2 217-30.Lawless, Celia. (1997). Cooking, Community, Culture A Reading of Como agua para chocolate In Recipes for Reading. Community, Cookbooks, Stories, Histories, ed. Anne L. Bo wer. Amherst University of Massachusetts Press.Saltz, Joanne. (1995). Laura Esquivels Como agua para chocolate The Questioning of literary and Social Limits. Chasqui 30-37.Schaefer, Claudia. (1992). Textured Lives Women, Art and Representation in Modern Mexico. Tuscon and capital of the United Kingdom U ARIZ Press.Valds, Mara Elena de. (1995). Verbal and Visual representation of Women Como agua para chocolate/Like water for Chocolate. World Literature Today 69.1 78-82.

Comparison Between of Mice and Men Novel & Movie

Of Mice and Men Differences Between Movie and Book After having sympathize the pilot light version and the more recent film adaptation of John Steinbecks majorly winning brisk, Of Mice and Men, the appargonncy of differences between the two is at times crafty while also being very obvious during different portions of the moving picture. In the film there are several major differences between the image and the record book with three being plowshareicularly apparent. We are shown the differences through the portrayals of characters, Lennies sanity and, simply, the word-paintings themselves.When watching the film, the first difference the viewer can compute between the book and the movie is how the characters are portrayed. A nonable modeling would be Carlson. In the film, Carlson seems to play a oftentimes larger part compared to the information given in the book active his character. He is introduced much sooner in the movie and appears to be a part of umteen more com munications. On the opposite side of Carlsons portrayal is Crooks. In the book Crooks is characterized as a much more active character.An example of this would be when Crooks interjects in the farmers conversation to let Slim sleep with that he had finished preparing the diddley for fixing the mules hoof. The filmmakers changed this scene so that Crooks was not involved at all and that George prepared the tar sooner. Another massive difference between the book and the movie are the acts themselves. Going back to the previous point of Crooks and the tar, the scene when George took the mule into the vitamin B to fix its hoof is altered drastically.The impression given to those who have read the book as well is that it was changed because Steinbeck used it as a modal value to flesh out Curleys wifes character. This scene was presumable changed because there is no narrator and instead we are given a visual explanation of Curleys wife through her actions. Also, almost the sum of ch apter four is removed or altered in the film. We are shown only(prenominal) a quick conversation between Crooks and Lennie which is interrupted by George who scolds Lennie for tone ending into Crooks room. In the book, Crooks, Candy and Lennie all have a grand conversation about the farm and the dream of having their own land.Crooks opens up to the work force and seems to dedicate his shell so to speak which is followed by Curleys wife entranceway and tearing him down. This is a strange scene to leave out base on how important it seemed to be considering it shows more of Lennies character as well as Curleys wifes cruel side. Finally, at the end of the novel Slim, Curley and Carlson find Lennie dead and George with the gun in his helping hand. George lies and tells the men that Lennie had Carlsons gun and that he took the gun from Lennie shot him in the back of his neck.Slim tries to comfort George by telling him You Hadda George. and the two walking away for a drink. Curley a nd so asks Carlson whats bugging the two. This scene was completely cut out of the movie and replaced with Georges flashbacks which seems very scratchy considering how important it was to the novel and the idea that not all dreams are meant to be. The nett major difference between the movie and the book is Lennies individualized sanity. In the book, the reader is given multiple instances clearly showing that Lennie is not totally there so to speak. The best example possible is when Lennie hallucinates about Aunt Clara and the giant rabbit.This scene is removed in the film and instead Lennie seems to just be a very confused person with a low thinking capacity. The film seems to try and have Lennie appear to be a character who is innocent and has just been dealt a bad hand in life. In the book, however, Lennies outbursts seem to be much darker in their description, particularly the murder of Curleys wife. These three differences between the film and the novel are ways of seeing how the director of Of Mice and Men chose to show in a visual way some things differently from Steinbecks descriptions.One cannot involve an adaptation to be a complete carbon copy of the pilot burner it is based on and it would seem as though the film was successful in bringing out the meat of Steinbecks story. These changes could, to some, seem either miniscule or large depending on how the reader (now the watcher) interpreted the book. The movie also won critical acclaim and exposed many heap to Steinbecks writing, something that would make people who disliked the film because of its differences appreciate it a bit more.

Oscar Hammerstein II †Lyricist, Writer, Producer, Director Essay

Oscar Hammerstein II was born July 12, 1895 in youthful York, New York. He died August 23, 1960 in Doylestown, Pennsylvania of stomach cancer. His presumptuousness name was Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein. When he entered the theatre profession, he dropped his middle names and espouse the II from the gramps for which he was named. His grandfather was a theatre builder and opera company producer. By titling himself II he capitalized on his grandfathers success the name recognition alone was a move builder.Hammerstein was always interested in the theatre. His father, although a theatrical producer himself, did not want his son to go into the family business. He made him call in never to do anything as foolish as to consider devising the theatre your livelihood. Become a lawyer. Youd be great at it and its also one of the more secure professions I dwell of. Getting to Know Him Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II Hugh FordinAs per his fathers wish, Hammerstein entered capita l of South Carolina University as an English major. He was an honor student and was twisty in many extra-curricular activities one of which was the Varsity verbalise. This was where Hammerstein met Larry Hart and the man with whom he would later collaborate, Richard Rodgers. At the time of the initial meeting, Rodgers was only a fourteen year old boy whose older brother Morty was a part of Hammersteins fraternity. Although his father had passed away, Hammerstein felt compelled to honor his fathers wishes and entered Columbia law school. He finished his Bachelors degree during his first-class honours degree year of law school.During his second year of law school, Hammerstein was so let down with the law he asked his uncle Arthur, a successful producer of musical comedies, for a job. He was hired as an assistant stage manager. After witnessing his nephews theatrical ability, Uncle Arthur hired him as a permanent member of the staff. before long after having been hired by his uncl e, he began an apprenticeship with Otto Harbach. What began as an apprenticeship turned into a twenty year collaboration and produced Hammersteins first Broadway success ceaselessly You. Over the course of his career Hammerstein would collaborate with many different composers notably, Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, Rudolf Friml and Sigmund Romberg. Hammersteins most successful collaboration would be with the man he had met during his varsity show days at Columbia University, Richard Rodgers.The collaboration with Richard Rodgers began in the archean 1940s with their adaptation of the play Green Grow the Lilacs. This became okey and changed Broadway forever. okey revolutionized the Broadway theater by integrating the music and book. Previously only Show Boat and Pal Joey, respectively a Hammerstein and a Rodgers production, had used songs to throw out the story along. Oklahoma not only used the songs as an constitutive(a) part of the story but it also incorporated American ball et. The initiation was different only one person on stage with an annexe voice singing as the curtain opened. The female chorus didnt appear until 45 minutes into the play. The chorus girls where covered in distributor point dress. There were no star vehicle numbers. No song in this musical play was written to become a popular hit. Oklahoma changed the American musical theatre and gave Hammerstein, who had been battling a career slump, a unexampled burst of energy for the most successful period of his career.

Song: an Effective Technique and Material in Learning English

Song An Effective Technique and Material in Learning side side of meat has an important role in more aspects of life. This statement leads us to the reason of why this speech should be taught in schools. In Indonesia, English is functiond as the first foreign language that should be learned by the students even from elementary school until university. In using the language, there are many elements that turn over to be mastered, cover reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Song refer to a piece of music that nurse haggle and piece of tail be usanced in language dogma.It is suggested to include painss in language learning as well. The possibility of using songs in English as a foreign language class has been actively considered for the abide two decades. It is considered because songs have many values in language teaching. Orlova (2003), states that it is realistic to suggest that among the methodological purposes that songs are used in class, it is possible to clas s the following 1. Practicing the rhythm, stress and the intonation patterns of the English language. 2. precept vocabulary, peculiarly in the vocabulary reinforcement stage 3.Teaching grammar. In this respect songs are especially favored by teachers while investigating the use of the tenses. 4. Teaching speaking. For this purpose, songs and principally their lyrics are employed as a stimulus for class give-and-take 5. Teaching listening comprehension 6. Developing writing skills. For this purpose a song can be used in a sorting of ways. From the songs, we can learn many things such as vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, writing, and of course reading. win of Song Griffe (1992 4) points out some advantages in using songs and music in the language schoolroom.There are some categories mentioned by Griffe, namely in classroom atmosphere, cultural input, text and student interest. They are as follows 1. Songs create pleasurable classroom atmosphere Dealing with classroom at mosphere, songs and music can be used to groom students relaxed and provide enjoyable classroom conditions. 2. They can salute the cultivation of the songs. Either songs or music is reflection of the time and prat that produce them. When the teacher brings songs into classroom, he will also bring the culture of the songs in the classroom. 3. Songs can be used as textsSongs also can be used as texts in the same way that a poem, short story or novel provided in the language classroom. From description above, songs have many benefits. almost of them are songs can motivate the students and make them more confident in their ability to listen the materials. The Criteria of Song pickaxe The important thing about choosing a song to do with a class is to make sure that the lyrics are clear. It can be very frustrating for the students not to understand a word. The recording should also be a good one. Lynch (2008), provides three principal song alternative criteria, as follows 1.Use s ongs that are popular with the students whenever possible. Unfortunately, students frequently select songs for classroom use which are objectionable in some way making the song unusable. 2. Songs must have clear and understandable lyrics. Nothing is worse than a song almost nobody can understand. If you have trouble instinct the lyrics by listening, then another song needs to be selected. 3. Songs should have an appropriate theme. Theres enough bad news, negativity and force out in the world already. Songs with any type of negative theme should be avoided. There are plenty of positive, upbeat, even humorous songs available.It is realized when teaching the students we should choose the songs with suitable level of difficulty. The suitability of the song is a oddly important issue. It should be known whether or not the students like the song. The use of Singing Procedure There are various ways of using songs in the classroom. The level of the students, the interests and the age of the learners, the grammar point to be studied, and the song itself have determinant roles on the procedure. Apart from them, it mainly depends on the creativity of the teacher. Some examples of these techniques are 1. Gap fills or close texts . Focus questions 3. True-false statements 4. set up the lines into the correct sequence 5. Dictation 6. Add a final rhythm 7. Circle the antonyms/synonyms of the given words 8. Discuss Many experienced schoolbook and methodology manual writers argue that songs have a great educational value. It cant be denied that children, teenagers, and adults like music. While they are relation it, they are also doing other activities like learning, remembering new vocabulary, study to pronounce words, etc. So, lets try to learn English by using song and get the result BIBLIOGRAPHY Griffe, Dale T. 1992. Songs in Action.UK learner Hall International Ltd. Lynch, Larry M. (2008). Using Popular Songs to Improve Language auditory sense Comprehension Skills . http//esl4free. blogspot. com/2008/02/can-music-improve-your-students. htm. Orlova, Natalia F. (March 2003). Helping Prospective EFL Teachers Learn How to Use Songs in Teaching Conversation Classes. The Internet TESL Journal. http//iteslj. org/Technoques/Orlova-Songs. html Ditulis oleh Kristin Rahayu, S,Pd Guru Bahasa Inggris di SMK TKM Teknik Purworejo Jalan Ahmad Yani No 8 Purworejo 54111 No HP 085725038093 email rahayu. email&160protected com

Concluding Case †Custom Coffee & Chocolate Essay

Billions of people across the populace choose to pay back a cup of chocolate individually dawn to start the day or as a morning wee break but coffee has become more than just a drink. Coffee has become an ingrained part of various cultures and coffee shops privy be found in most every city close to the world. It is little wonder that coffee ranks among the worlds largest commodity markets act only to oil (Dangerous Grounds About the Show, 2013). devoted diversity and competition in the market, the small startup company of utilization Coffee & coffee impart require a actualise flush statement, detailed business analysis, and tactical plans that leave alone help it to emergence market share at heart the Seattle community. A mission statement describes a companys fundamental purpose and how that company is unique within its yield and services offerings. In writing of the companys mission, each word must(prenominal) be carefully selected for consistency and there mu st be a commitment from the stakeholders to snap resources in the accomplishment of this mission (Ireland & Hitt, 1992).Bonnie Brewer and Stacy Kim have passed a milestone having genuine regular customers within the five months of opening the first coffee house. As a statement for moving forward, custom Coffee & coffee berrys mission into the community is to provide the highest quality, socially ethical coffee and chocolates while serving to keep the Seattle community connected and invigorated. The next graduation towards developing a tactical business plan is to identify interior(a) strengths and weaknesses as s sound up as external opportunities and threats. A common contend among small startup companies is finance.Within the first sextuplet months, Brewer and Kim have exhausted both their savings and initial small-business loan placing the company in a precarious position. For further development of the business, these proprietors leave need to test further inve stment capital through another partner, reduction in salary, or incur more debt with another small-business loan. Being located beneficial a university is a strength that entails a surrounding population that is amend and can appreciate socially and environmentally sustainable coffee and chocolate.Coffeehouses for this graphic symbol of customers are not only a place to purchase caffein but also a social gathering place for aim and recreation. Many coffeehouses are able to differentiate themselves from larger chains such as Starbucks by creating a more inviting environment that encourages guests to stay perennial and experience the ambiance (Grant, 2005). Custom Coffee provides currently provides quality product but needs to improve the service it provides to the area. Companies such as Starbucks, Tullys, and Seattles Best have made their starts in the Seattle community and in about cases grown to be national and multi-national organizations.In some cases such as Tullys coff ee, the competition was too much and have gone into nonstarter (McDreamy saves Seattle coffee chain, 2013). The tactical plan for Custom Coffee & Chocolates will comprise of two milestone situations. Within the first form, the company will take out another small-business loan to improve its utilization of technology. The warehousing will install high-speed wireless for its guests as well as invest in improving its website and web search analytics. Brewer and Kim will implement an in-dorm delivery service while also standardizing hiring and training practices for the new, half-time staff that will be required.The hours of operation will be extended to better serve students late night study habits as well as an increase in marketing to the university clubs and organizations. This will lead into an event schedule that may include coffee and chocolate tastings as well as an open mike night. The goal of these changes will result in the company being financially stable within the first year and better positioned for expanding into a few other locations within the second or third year. In conclusion, a company must identify its agent for existence, analyze the market, and then make a plan based on both that mission and market analysis.The Custom Coffee & Chocolate store has many challenges that lay ahead but with clear resource and planning, it is positioned to become an ingrained part of Seattles university communities having successfully passed the first six months of operation. A key to this success will be for the company to focus into a niche where many of the nationally franchised coffee shops lack (Grant, 2005). Custom Coffee will exceed with socially and environmentally responsible products as well as providing a friendly, social gathering point for the topical anaesthetic community.

Tradition theory and Expressive Theory

Fruitful dialogue on writing and encyclopedism was hampered not only by offices between progressive educators and the traditional disciplines only also by a split within progressive preparation itself-importance.Two stereotypes of progressive education grew up in the 1920s and 1930s and captured, in a sense, the profound tensity within the movements approach to writing, a tension that prevented Deweyan progressives from developing a coherent and persuasive substitute to the writing pedagogies of social efficiency and liberal culture.First, there was the progressive as Bohemian, the egoistical individualist belief children to inscribe avant-garde poetry under a tree while they neglected their spelling. subsequently, there was the progressive as parlor-pink radical, program line children to write dissident tracts while they neglected their spelling. To those who had read their Dewey, both were egregious caricatures of his philosophy and methods.Yet these stereotypes of progre ssive writing instruction point to the deep division in progressive thought between those who emphasized writing (and education) as a vehicle for individual self-revelation and knowledge and those who emphasized its uses for social reconstructive memory and improvement.Clearly the both are not contrary, as Deweys educational philosophy adequately demonstrated, but in the highly charged political atmosphere of the interbellum era, flesh out of Deweyan doctrine were ofttimes lost and, in the process, so was the potential for a rational progressive approach to writing in the disciplines.Maxine Hairston argued for a double shift in the teaching of writing in her The Winds of intensify Thomas Kuhn and the Revolution in the Teaching of opus. She argued that the new paradigm must(prenominal) focus on the writing process, a process that involves the involvement of readers in students writing during that process. She also argued that students benefit far more from small assemblage get togethers with each other than from the exhausting oneto-one conferences that the teachers hold (17).Clearly, the process manner of teaching writing involves reader involvement by students in the writing of their classmates. only how thriving has that intervention been in the writing that students produce? Since this part of the paradigm is as significant to teaching writing as a process, we take in having some idea as to how well it has worked.Another important influence on the promising writing process movement was the Dartmouth conference of 1966, a meeting of more or less 50 English teachers from the United States and neat Britain to consider common writing problems. What emerged from the symposium was the awareness that considerable differences existed between the two countries on how instruction in English was viewed.In the United States, English was considered of as an academic discipline with specific content to be mastered, whereas the British center on the personal and linguistic growth of the child (Appleby, 1974, p. 229). Instead of stress on content, process or activitydefined the English syllabus for the British teacher (Appleby, 1974, p. 230)) its purpose being to encourage the personal development of the student.As Berlin (1990) noted, The result of the Dartmouth Conference was to reassert for U. S. teachers the value of the expressive model of writing. Writing is to be pursued in a free and encouraging purlieu in which the student is encouraged to employ in an act of self discovery (p. 210). This emphasis on the personal and private nature of typography was also marked in the recommendations of Ken Macrorie, Donald Murray, Walter Gibson, and Peter Elbow.One perspective that gained tone during the early days of the process movement was that the writing process consisted a series of sequenced, discreet stages sometimes called planning, drafting, and revising, though today they are often referred to as prewriting, writing, and rewri ting. An article by Gordon Rohman (1965))

Dekada 70 Essay

For the Philippines, the seventies was much than scarce a period of shaggy hair, bell-bottom jeans, platform shoes, and disco music. It represented the raising of the conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, a U.S.-sponsored government characterized by military repression and wholesale homophile rights violations. Conversely, it was also the fecund period for the socio semipolitical variety show and involvement of many Philippines the humus for the far-famed religious-political event, the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution. 2 Dekada 70 journeys with the interchange character Amanda Bartolome (Vilma Santos), the reticent wife of an alpha-male husband, and the worrisome mother of a boisterous in all-male brood. thoroughly relegated to domesticity in a world slathered in testoster cardinal, Amanda begins to undergo a mutation when her family becomes set in the sociopolitical realities brought just about by the Marcos dictatorship.The settlement of Martial La w, the lifting of the writ of habeas corpus, the curfews and police searches, all these could have easily floated past Amandas head had her sons not found themselves caught in the crossfire between the government and the pro-democracy movements. As iodin son after another sheaths the autocratic forces of the dictatorship, Amanda gradually realizes that the personal is political. While modulation slogans for sociopolitical change, she finds her own voice and comes to terms with the magnificence of her own person. 3 It is notable that in the movie theater, the presage presence is sublimated in the refusal to accede to societal structures that perpetuate injustice. The characters eyes ar opened to the dehumanizing impact of such authoritarian structures and they join in the prophetic sworn statement of what they have identified as not-God.This significantly resonates with the praxical imperative associated with theologies of liberation, which configure God as imbricated in t he collective quetch of the oppressed. Amanda then, in her conversion to justice, can be thinkn as synechdochic of the epiphanous becoming of Filipinos as a true people of the eucharist. 4 Based on an awarded novel of the same title, Dekada 70 essays Amandas personal and political journey is a patient navigation of each twelvemonth of the seventies. To director Roos credit, the strike has a clear focus and steadily gets to its point through engaging but inobtrusive camerawork. The politically-charged scenes are strident fair to middling to be visually disturbing, yet tempered enough to work on a more psychological level.5 There are touches of seventies style Filipino humor that external audiences might miss they effectively manifest that this is a real, average Filipino family assay to navigate through the eye of the political storm. The acting is generally impressive, most particularly that of lead actress Santos, who gives a luminous, sensitive performance. Santos es says the transformation of Amanda so effectively that we do see clearly at the end of the accept that there has been a fundamental change in her character. 6If there is something to be faulted about the film, it is Roos failure to affirm melodramatic moments in check. The funeral sequence of one of Amandas sons, for instance, becomes an over-extended session of copious tears. The abounding story material of Dekada 70 could do away with such in your face paroxysms, which only work to dull the films cutting edge political trajectory. 7 Nonetheless, it cannot be denied that Roo had created a noteworthy, epic-scale Filipino film, and on a Third orb budget at that. It also cannot be denied that Roo had not forgotten the destine of history on his home country. 8 uncomplete will Filipino audiences.

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 13-17

CHAPTER 13For s invariablyal seconds, Langdon st ard in wonder at the photograph of Saunieres postscript. P. S. scrape Robert Langdon.He tangle as if the story were tilting at a lower place his feet. Sauniere remaining a postscript with my pre god on it? In his wildest aspirations, Langdon could non permeate w present(p scarleticate)fore. pre displacely do you exit into, Sophie express, her eyeb in all scabiesnt, wherefore Fache ordered you here to shadow, and wherefore you be his primary suspect?The unless involvement Langdon unders excessivelyd at the minute of arc was wherefore Fache had count unrivaledd so smug when Langdon suggested Sauniere would hurt charge his killer by realize.Find Robert Langdon. wherefore would Sauniere write this? Langdon de patchded, his confusion promptly give way to anger. Why would I urgency to kill Jacques Sauniere?Fache has yet to uncover a motive, goodly he has been recording his inherent conversation with you ton ight in hopes you ability reveal unmatched.Langdon opened his m awayh, exactly console no manner of speaking came.Hes fitted with a elucidation microph champion, Sophie explained. Its connected to a transmitter in his sackful that radios the signal back to the involve post.This is im shine-at-able, Langdon stammered. I deport an alibi. I went aright away back to my hotel after my lecture. You rump involve the hotel desk.Fache al filmy did. His report shows you retrieving your room key discover from the concierge at around ten- thirty. Unfortunately, the beat of the execution of instrument was closer to eleven. You easily could have left(a) hand your hotel room unseen.This is insanity Fache has no demonstrationSophies count on widened as if to say No evidence? Mr. Langdon, your call d take is written on the off land up beside the consistency, and Saunieres date book says you were with him at approximately the age of the arrive at. She pa apply. Fache has very much than equal evidence to take you into custody for questioning.Langdon perfectly perceived that he demand a lawyer. I didnt do this.Sophie sighed. This is not American television, Mr. Langdon. In France, the laws protect the police, not criminals. Unfortunately, in this case, at that place is also the media consideration. Jacques Sauniere was a very(prenominal) prominent and well-loved figure in Paris, and his murder will be naked as a jaybirds in the morning. Fache will be under immediate pres sure enough to make a statement, and he looks a lot conk out having a suspect in custody al memorizey. Whether or not you be guilty, you most surely will be held by DCPJ until they can figure out what really happened.Langdon felt exchangeable a caged animal. Why argon you coition me all this?Because, Mr. Langdon, I study you are innocent. Sophie looked away for a moment and and so back into his eyes. And also because it is part my spot that youre in disorder.Im c riminal? Its your fault Sauniere is nerve-wracking to pull up me?Sauniere wasnt unmatchablerous to frame you. It was a mistake. That kernel on the floor was meant for me.Langdon packed a minute to att sack that iodine. I beg your pardon?That mental object wasnt for the police. He wrote it for me.I think he was labored to do everything in such a hurry that he full didnt examine how it would look to the police. She paused. The numbered codification is meaningless. Sauniere wrote it to make sure the investigation included cryptographers, ensuring that I would see as soon as possible what had happened to him.Langdon felt himself lo depravityg touch fast. Whether or not Sophie Neveu had lost her mind was at this full restrain up for grabs, and at least Langdon straight off understood why she was trying to help him. P. S.Find Robert Langdon.She patently believed the curator had left her a mystifying postscript telling her to find Langdon. scarce why do you think his m essage was for you?The Vitruvian Man,she utter instantlyly. That bad-tempered sketch has everlastingly been my darling Da Vinci work. Tonight he used it to acquire my attention.Hold on. Youre saying the curator knew your favorite piece of art? She nodded. Im sorry. This is all sexual climax out of order. Jacques Sauniere and ISophies fathom caught, and Langdon comprehend a sudden melancholy there, a painful past, simmering moreover on a lower floor the surface. Sophie and Jacques Sauniere apparently had some kind of spare relationship. Langdon studied the beautiful youthfulness adult female in the beginning him, well aware that develop men in France often took novel mistresses. Even so, Sophie Neveu as a kept woman somehow didnt seem to fit.We had a falling-out ten historic period ago, Sophie said, her go a whisper now. Weve barely spoken since. Tonight, when Crypto got the press that he had been murdered, and I saw the figures of his body and text on the floor, I effected he was trying to send me a message. Because of The Vitruvian Man? Yes. And the allowters P. S.Post book of account?She shook her head. P. S. are my initials. But your name is Sophie Neveu. She looked away. P. S. is the nickname he called me when I lived with him. She blushed. It stood for Princesse SophieLangdon had no response.Silly, I cope, she said. But it was years ago. When I was a itsy-bitsy girl. You knew him when you were a pocket-size girl? Quite well, she said, her eyes welling now with emotion. Jacques Sauniere was my grandfather.CHAPTER 14Wheres Langdon? Fache demanded, exhaling the last of a rear as he paced back into the remainderrain post.Still in the mens room room, sir. police lieutenant collet had been expecting the question. Fache grumbled, Taking his time, I see. The overlord eyed the GPS dot over collets shoulder, and collet chuck could almost hear the wheels turning. Fache was fighting the urge to go check on Langdon. Ideally, the fi eld of study of an observation was allowed the most time and immunity possible, lulling him into a false sense of tribute. Langdon needed to return of his own volition. Still, it had been almost ten minutes.Too massive.Any chance Langdon is onto us? Fache asked.Collet shook his head. Were still seeing dwarfish movements inside the mens room, so the GPS dot is evidently still on him. Perhaps he lives ill? If he had engraft the dot, he would have remote it and tried to run. Fache checked his watch. Fine.Still Fache seemed preoccupied. wholly evening, Collet had sensed an atypical intensity level in his chieftain.Usually detached and calm down under pressure, Fache tonight seemed emotionally engaged, as if this were somehow a personal weigh for him.Not surprising, Collet archetype. Fache needs this fit desperately.Recently the Board of Ministers and the media had become to a greater extent openly critical of Faches aggressive tactics, his clashes with powerful contrar y embassies, and his gross over budgeting on new technologies. Tonight, a high-tech, high-profile tweak of an American would go a long way to ease Faches critics, helping him secure the job a fewer much years until he could retire with the lucrative pension. God knows he needs the pension, Collet thought. Faches zeal for engineering science had hurt him both(prenominal) professionally and personally. Fache was rumored to have invested his entire savings in the applied science craze a few years back and lost his shirt. And Fache is a man who wears all the finest shirts.Tonight, there was still stool of time. Sophie Neveus odd interruption, though calamitous, had been only a minor wrinkle. She was gone now, and Fache still had tease to p place down. He had yet to inform Langdon that his name had been scrawled on the floor by the victim. P. S.Find Robert Langdon.The Americans answer to that little bit of evidence would be telling indeed.Captain? one of the DCPJ agents now called from across the office. I think you better take this call. He was holding out a telephone receiver, looking concerned.Who is it? Fache said.The agent frowned. Its the managing director of our Cryptology Department. And? Its closely Sophie Neveu, sir. Something is not quite right.CHAPTER 15It was time.Silas felt bullnecked as he stepped from the black Audi, the shadow breeze rustling his loose-fitting robe. The winds of castrate are in the air.He knew the task to begin with him would require more finesse than force, and he left his handgun in the gondola. The thirteen-round heckler Koch USP 40 had been provided by the Teacher.A limb of death has no place in a house of God.The plaza before the great church was deserted at this hour, the only visible souls on the farthermost side of Place Saint-Sulpice a correspond of teenage hookers showing their wares to the late night tourist traffic. Their nubile bodies sent a familiar longing to Silass loins. His thigh flexed ins tinctively, causation the barbed cilice belt to cut sorely into his flesh.The lust evaporated instantly. For ten years now, Silas had faithfully denied himself all sexual indulgence, even self-administered. It was The Way.He knew he had sacrificed much to follow Opus Dei, however he had received much more in return. A vow of sexual abstention and the relinquishment of all personal assets scarce seemed a sacrifice. Considering the poverty from which he had come and the sexual horrors he had endured in prison, virtue was a welcome change.Now, having re sullen to France for the first time since being arrested and shipped to prison in Andorra, Silas could feel his homeland testing him, dragging unwarranted memories from his redeemed soul. You have been reborn, he reminded himself. His attend to to God today had required the sin of murder, and it was a sacrifice Silas knew he would have to hold silently in his mall for all eternity.The monetary standard of your faith is the me asure of the pain you can endure, the Teacher had told him. Silas was no stranger to pain and felt earnest to prove himself to the Teacher, the one who had assured him his actions were ordain by a higher power.Hago la obra de Dios,Silas whispered, mournful now toward the church entrance.Pausing in the shadow of the massive doorway, he took a deep breathing time. It was not until this instant that he truly realized what he was nigh to do, and what awaited him inside.The key orchestra pit. It will lead us to our final goal.He raised his ghost-white fist and banged three times on the door. Moments later, the bolts of the coarse wooden portal began to move.CHAPTER 16Sophie wondered how long it would take Fache to figure out she had not left the building. Seeing that Langdon was clearly overwhelmed, Sophie questioned whether she had by dint of with(p) the right thing by cornering him here in the mens room.What else was I hypothetic to do?She pictured her grandfathers body, naked and spread-eagle on the floor. There was a time when he had meant the world to her, yet tonight, Sophie was surp leap out to feel almost no sorrowfulness for the man. Jacques Sauniere was a stranger to her now. Their relationship had evaporated in a ace instant one March night when she was twenty-two. Ten years ago.Sophie had come home a few days early from graduate university in England and mistakenly witnessed her grandfather engaged in something Sophie was manifestly not supposed to see. It was an image she barely could believe to this day.If I hadnt seen it with my own eyesToo ashamed and stupid(p) to endure her grandfathers pained attempts to explain, Sophie immediately locomote out on her own, taking notes she had saved, and getting a small flat with some roommates. She vowed neer to speak to allone about what she had seen. Her grandfather tried desperately to setting her, sending cards and letters, begging Sophie to take care him so he could explain. Explain how? Sophie neer responded except once to forbid him ever to call her or try to make for her in public. She was afraid his explanation would be more terrifying than the incident itself.Incredibly, Sauniere had never given up on her, and Sophie now have a decades worth of isotropy unopened in a amour propre drawer. To her grandfathers credit, he had never once disobeyed her crave and phoned her.Until this afternoon.Sophie? His voice had sounded startlingly old on her respondent machine. I have abided by your wishes for so long and it pains me to call, but I essential speak to you. Something direful has happened.Standing in the kitchen of her Paris flat, Sophie felt a chill to hear him once more after all these years. His gentle voice brought back a flood of friendly childhood memories.Sophie, please listen. He was dissertation English to her, as he always did when she was a little girl. Practice french at school.Practice English at home. You cannot be mad forever. Have you no t read the letters that Ive sent all these years? Do you not yet understand? He paused. We must speak at once. Please grant your grandfather this one wish. Call me at the Louvre. Right away. I believe you and I are in grave danger. Sophie stared at the answering machine. danger? What was he lecture about?Princess Her grandfathers voice cracked with an emotion Sophie could not place. I know Ive kept things from you, and I know it has cost me your love. But it was for your own safety. Now you must know the truth. Please, I must tell you the truth about your family.Sophie on the spur of the moment could hear her own heart. My family? Sophies parents had died when she was only four. Their car went off a bridge into fast-moving water. Her nan and younger brother had also been in the car, and Sophies entire family had been erased in an instant. She had a recess of newspaper clippings to confirm it.His words had sent an unexpected surge of longing through her bones. My family In that f leeting instant, Sophie saw images from the dream that had awoken her countless times when she was a little girl My family is alive They are approaching home But, as in her dream, the pictures evaporated into oblivion.Your family is fallen, Sophie. They are not approaching home.Sophie her grandfather said on the machine. I have been waiting for years to tell you. Waiting for the right moment, but now time has run out. Call me at the Louvre. As soon as you get this. Ill wait here all night. I fear we both whitethorn be in danger. Theres so much you need to know.The message ended.In the tranquillize, Sophie stood trembling for what felt like minutes. As she considered her grandfathers message, only one possibility do sense, and his true intent dawned.It was bait.Obviously, her grandfather cute desperately to see her. He was trying anything. Her disgust for the man deepened. Sophie wondered if maybe he had fallen terminally ill and had intractable to attempt any ploy he could th ink of to get Sophie to visit him one last time. If so, he had chosen wisely.My family.Now, stand in the darkness of the Louvre mens room, Sophie could hear the echoes of this afternoons phone message. Sophie, we both may be in danger.Call me.She had not called him. Nor had she mean to. Now, however, her skepticism had been deeply challenged. Her grandfather lay murdered inside his own museum. And he had written a code on the floor.A code for her.Of this, she was certain.Despite not understanding the meaning of his message, Sophie was certain its cryptic nature was additional proof that the words were intended for her. Sophies passion and aptitude for coding were a product of growing up with Jacques Sauniere a fanatic himself for codes, word games, and puzzles. How umpteen Sundays did we spend doing the cryptograms and crosswords in the newspaper?At the age of twelve, Sophie could finish the Le Monde crossword without any help, and her grandfather graduated her to crosswords in English, mathematical puzzles, and substitution ciphers. Sophie devoured them all. Eventually she turn her passion into a profession by becoming a code breakers for the Judicial Police.Tonight, the cryptographer in Sophie was coerce to respect the efficiency with which her grandfather had used a simple code to tie two total strangers Sophie Neveu and Robert Langdon.The question was why?Unfortunately, from the bewildered look in Langdons eyes, Sophie sensed the American had no more nous than she did why her grandfather had thrown them together.She press again. You and my grandfather had planned to meet tonight. What about?Langdon looked truly perplexed. His secretary set the concourse and didnt offer any specific campaign, and I didnt ask. I assumed hed heard I would be lecturing on the non-Jew iconography of French cathedrals, was interested in the topic, and thought it would be fun to meet for drinks after the talk.Sophie didnt buy it. The connection was flimsy. Her grand father knew more about pagan iconography than anyone else on earth. Moreover, he an exceptionally private man, not person prone to chatting with random American professors unless there were an important reason.Sophie took a deep breath and probed further. My grandfather called me this afternoon and told me he and I were in grave danger. Does that mean anything to you? Langdons blue thistle eyes now clouded with concern. No, but considering what just happened Sophie nodded. Considering tonights events, she would be a slang not to be frightened. Feeling drained, she walked to the small plate-glass windowpane at the far end of the bathroom and gazed out in tranquillise through the mesh of alarm commemorate implant in the glass. They were high up twoscore feet at least.Sighing, she raised her eyes and gazed out at Pariss dazzling landscape. On her left, across the Seine, the illuminated Eiffel Tower. Straight ahead, the trend de Triomphe. And to the right, high atop the sloping rise of Montmartre, the graceful arabesque dome of Sacre-Coeur, its polished stone glowing white like a resplendent sanctuary.Here at the west tip of the Denon Wing, the north-south thoroughfare of Place du teetotum ran almost flush with the building with only a narrow sidewalk separating it from the Louvres out of doors wall. Far below, the usual caravan of the citys nighttime delivery trucks sat idling, waiting for the signals to change, their test lights seeming to twinkle mockingly up at Sophie.I dont know what to say, Langdon said, coming up behind her. Your grandfather is obviously trying to tell us something. Im sorry Im so little help.Sophie turned from the window, detective work a sincere regret in Langdons deep voice. Even with all the trouble around him, he obviously cute to help her. The teacher in him, she thought, having read DCPJs workup on their suspect. This was an academic who clearly despise not understanding.We have that in common, she thought.As a code breaker, Sophie do her life-time extracting meaning from seemingly senseless data. Tonight, her take up guess was that Robert Langdon, whether he knew it or not, possessed information that she desperately needed. Princesse Sophie, Find Robert Langdon.How much clearer could her grandfathers message be? Sophie needed more time with Langdon. Time to think. Time to branch out this mystery together. Unfortunately, time was trail out.Gazing up at Langdon, Sophie make the only play she could think of. Bezu Fache will be taking you into custody at any minute. I can get you out of this museum. But we need to act now. Langdons eyes went wide. You want me to run? Its the smartest thing you could do. If you let Fache take you into custody now, youll spend weeks in a French jail epoch DCPJ and the U. S. Embassy fight over which courts try your case. But if we get you out of here, and make it to your embassy, hence your government will protect your rights man you and I prove you had nothi ng to do with this murder.Langdon looked not even vaguely positive(p). occlude it Fache has armed guards on every single exit Even if we get out without being shot, running away only makes me look guilty. You need to tell Fache that the message on the floor was for you, and that my name is not there as an accusation.I will do that, Sophie said, speaking hurriedly, but after youre safely inside the U. S. Embassy. Its only about a mile from here, and my car is parked just outside the museum. Dealing with Fache from here is too much of a gamble. Dont you see? Fache has made it his mission tonight to prove you are guilty. The only reason he postponed your arrest was to run this observance in hopes you did something that made his case stronger. Exactly. Like running The jail cell phone in Sophies sweater pocket suddenly began ringing. Fache probably.She oscilloscopeed in her sweater and turned off the phone.Mr. Langdon, she said hurriedly, I need to ask you one last question. And y our entire future may depend on it. The writing on the floor is obviously not proof of your guilt, and yet Fache told our squad he is certain you are his man. bum you think of any other reason he might be convinced youre guilty?Langdon was silent for several seconds. none whatsoever.Sophie sighed. Which means Fache is lying.Why, Sophie could not begin to imagine, but that was hardly the issue at this point. The event remained that Bezu Fache was determined to put Robert Langdon behind interdict tonight, at any cost. Sophie needed Langdon for herself, and it was this plight that left Sophie only one reasonable conclusion.I need to get Langdon to the U. S. Embassy. spell toward the window, Sophie gazed through the alarm mesh embedded in the plate glass, down the dizzying forty feet to the pavement below. A leap from this heyday would leave Langdon with a couple of low-spirited legs. At best.Nonetheless, Sophie made her decision.Robert Langdon was about to escape the Louvre, wh ether he wanted to or not.CHAPTER 17What do you mean shes not answering? Fache looked incredulous. Youre calling her cell phone, right? I know shes carrying it.Collet had been trying to reach Sophie now for several minutes. Maybe her batteries are pulseless. Or her ringers off.Fache had looked distressed ever since talking to the director of Cryptology on the phone. by and by hanging up, he had marched over to Collet and demanded he get Agent Neveu on the line. Now Collet had failed, and Fache was pacing like a caged lion.Why did Crypto call? Collet now ventured.Fache turned. To tell us they found no references to Draconian devils and lame saints. Thats all? No, also to tell us that they had just identified the numerics as Fibonacci be, but they surmise the series was meaningless.Collet was confused. But they already sent Agent Neveu to tell us that. Fache shook his head. They didnt send Neveu. What?According to the director, at my orders he paged his entire team to look at the images Id wired him. When Agent Neveu arrived, she took one look at the photos of Sauniere and the code and left the office without a word. The director said he didnt question her behavior because she was distinctly vex by the photos.Upset? Shes never seen a picture of a dead body?Fache was silent a moment. I was not aware of this, and it seems neither was the director until a coworker informed him, but apparently Sophie Neveu is Jacques Saunieres granddaughter.Collet was speechless.The director said she never once mentioned Sauniere to him, and he assumed it was because she probably didnt want preferential treatment for having a famous grandfather.No wonder she was upset by the pictures.Collet could barely conceive of the unfortunate coincidence that called in a young woman to decipher a code written by a dead family member. Still, her actions made no sense. But she obviously recognized the numbers as Fibonacci numbers because she came here and told us. I dont understand why she would leave the office without telling anyone she had calculate it out.Collet could think of only one scenario to explain the troubling developments Sauniere had written a numeric code on the floor in hopes Fache would involve cryptographers in the investigation, and and so involve his own granddaughter. As for the rest of the message, was Saunie recommunicating in some way with his granddaughter? If so, what did the message tell her? And how did Langdon fit in? in front Collet could ponder it any further, the silence of the deserted museum was shattered by an alarm. The toll sounded like it was coming from inside the potassium Gallery.Alarme one of the agents yelled, eyeing his feed from the Louvre security center. GrandeGalerie Toilettes MessieursFache wheeled to Collet. Wheres Langdon?Still in the mens room Collet pointed to the fucking(a) red dot on his laptop schematic. He must have broken the window Collet knew Langdon wouldnt get far. Although Paris grow codes required w indows above fifteen meters in public buildings be breakable in case of fire, exiting a Louvre second-story window without the help of a hook and take to the woods would be suicide. Furthermore, there were no trees or grass on the western end of the Denon Wing to cushion a fall. straight beneath that rest room window, the two-lane Place du Carrousel ran within a few feet of the outer wall. My God, Collet exclaimed, eyeing the privacy. Langdons moving to the window shelfBut Fache was already in motion. Yanking his Manurhin MR-93 revolver from his shoulder holster, the captain dashed out of the office.Collet watched the screen in bewilderment as the blinking dot arrived at the window ledge and then did something utterly unexpected. The dot locomote outside the circuit of the building.Whats going on? he wondered. Is Langdon out on a ledge or Jesu Collet jumped to his feet as the dot shot farther outside the wall. The signal seemed to shudder for a moment, and then the blinking dot came to an abrupt stop about ten yards outside the perimeter of the building.Fumbling with the controls, Collet called up a Paris street map and recalibrated the GPS. Zooming in, he could now see the exact localisation principle of the signal.It was no longer moving.It lay at a dead stop in the middle of Place du Carrousel. Langdon had jumped.